Dr Abdul Halim Raynaldo (Chairman, Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Working Group, Indonesian Heart Association)

Heart failure (HF) prevalence and burden have risen globally, including in Indonesia, where HF contributes significantly to disability. Yet cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a Class IA guideline-recommended multidisciplinary intervention, remains underused worldwide.

CR integrates exercise training, risk factor management, and psychosocial support, improving capacity and quality of life, as well as reducing hospitalisations and mortality. Exercise prescription is guided by baseline CPET or 6-minute walk test and tailored via the functional intensive interval training principle. While centre-based CR is traditional, access is expanding through home-based, hybrid and virtual models that leverage technology for monitoring and delivery, offering scalable patient-centred solutions to enhance outcomes in HF care.